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Saint Helena (2002)
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| Administrative divisions | 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha* |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 18.8% (male 698; female 678)
15-64 years: 71.9% (male 2,727; female 2,531) 65 years and over: 9.3% (male 296; female 387) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha) |
| Airports | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total: 410 sq km
land: 410 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes St. Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands |
| Area - comparative | slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station. |
| Birth rate | 13.26 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $11.2 million
expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92) |
| Capital | Jamestown |
| Climate | Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) |
| Coastline | 60 km |
| Constitution | 1 January 1989 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Saint Helena |
| Currency | Saint Helenian pound (SHP) |
| Death rate | 6.29 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Disputes - international | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997) |
| Economy - overview | The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK. |
| Electricity - consumption | 4.65 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 5 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA |
| Ethnic groups | African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25% |
| Exchange rates | Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since NA June 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Exports | $704,000 f.o.b. (1995) |
| Exports - commodities | fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts |
| Exports - partners | South Africa, UK |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 15 56 S, 5 42 W |
| Geography - note | harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns |
| Highways | total: 158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
paved: 138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km) unpaved: 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Imports | $14.434 million c.i.f. (1995) |
| Imports - commodities | food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts |
| Imports - partners | UK, South Africa |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% |
| Industries | construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing |
| Infant mortality rate | 21.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.2% (1997 est.) |
| International organization participation | ICFTU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court |
| Labor force | 3,500
note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 12.9%
permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English |
| Legal system | NA |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 77.2 years
male: 74.31 years female: 80.23 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 20 and over can read and write
total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1987 est.) |
| Location | islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa |
| Map references | Africa |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| National holiday | Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) |
| Nationality | noun: Saint Helenian(s)
adjective: Saint Helenian |
| Natural hazards | active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha |
| Natural resources | fish |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none |
| Population | 7,317 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.7% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 3,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km |
| Religions | Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | NA years of age |
| Telephone system | general assessment: can communicate worldwide
domestic: automatic network international: HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK ; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 2,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 0
note: television programs are received in St. Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002) |
| Terrain | Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains
note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin |
| Total fertility rate | 1.53 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 14% (1998 est.) |
| Waterways | none |
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